Headache and Pain Research

Review Article

Vestibular Migraine: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management: Byung-Kun Kim; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(2):106-115. Published online June 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0001

Abstract PDF: Vestibular migraine (VM) remains a clinical challenge due to its heterogeneous presentation and the frequent absence of typical migraine features during vestibular episodes. Although many studies have adopted the diagnostic criteria defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), interpretation of findings is often complicated by variability in how these criteria are applied across studies. VM is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, owing to its clinical overlap with other vestibular disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for VM. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing VM from other causes of vertigo to support accurate diagnosis and tailored management. By synthesizing current evidence, this review aims to improve clinical recognition, diagnostic precision, and therapeutic outcomes for patients with this under-recognized and often debilitating condition.

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