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Review Article
Menstrual Migraine: A Review of Current Research and Clinical Challenges
Jong-Geun Seo
Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(1):16-23.   Published online April 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0004
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  • 6 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
The term “menstrual migraine” is commonly used to describe migraines that occur in association with menstruation, as distinct from other migraine types. A significant proportion of women of reproductive age experience migraine attacks related to their menstrual cycle. Menstrual migraine is characterized by migraine attacks occurring on day 1±2 (i.e., days −2 to +3) of menstruation in at least two out of three menstrual cycles. Although the reported prevalence of menstrual migraine varies considerably, population-based studies have found that menstrual migraine affects up to 60% of women with migraines. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of menstrual migraine, among which the estrogen withdrawal hypothesis is the most widely accepted. Women who experience menstrual migraines often face considerable disability due to perimenstrual attacks. Studies have reported that perimenstrual attacks are more severe and more difficult to manage. The principles of acute managing perimenstrual attacks are the same as those for managing nonmenstrual attacks. Short-term preventive therapy is needed to prevent menstrual migraines before they occur during the perimenstrual period. This review summarizes the prevalence, distinct clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management of menstrual migraine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Sex hormones and diseases of the nervous system
    Hyman M. Schipper
    Brain Medicine.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Evidence-Based Recommendations on Pharmacologic Treatment for Migraine Prevention: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the Korean Headache Society
    Byung-Su Kim, Pil-Wook Chung, Jae Myun Chung, Kwang-Yeol Park, Heui-Soo Moon, Hong-Kyun Park, Dae-Woong Bae, Jong-Geun Seo, Jong-Hee Sohn, Tae-Jin Song, Seung-Han Lee, Kyungmi Oh, Mi Ji Lee, Myoung-Jin Cha, Yun-Ju Choi, Miyoung Choi
    Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 5.     CrossRef
  • Morning Headaches: An In-depth Review of Causes, Associated Disorders, and Management Strategies
    Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Min Seung Kim, Heejung Mo, Rebecca C. Cox, Hee-Jin Im
    Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • Migraine in Women: Inescapable Femaleness?
    Soo-Kyoung Kim
    Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Three-month treatment outcome of medication-overuse headache according to classes of overused medications, use of acute medications, and preventive treatments
    Sun-Young Oh, Jin-Ju Kang, Hong-Kyun Park, Soo-Jin Cho, Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Heui-Soo Moon, Mi Ji Lee, Tae-Jin Song, Young Ju Suh, Min Kyung Chu
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Understanding the Connection between the Glymphatic System and Migraine: A Systematic Review
    Myoung-Jin Cha, Kyung Wook Kang, Jung-won Shin, Hosung Kim, Jiyoung Kim
    Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 86.     CrossRef

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