1Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
© 2024 The Korean Headache Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%). Not all patients answered all questions in the survey, so each may not add up to 100%.
CH, cluster headache; NRS, numerical rating scale.
Values are presented as number (%). Not all patients answered all questions in the survey, so each may not add up to 100%.
NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL
The data presented in this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: MSY, JPK; Data curation: JPK, MJL; Formal analysis: all authors; Funding acquisition: MJL; Investigation: MSY, MJL; Methodology: JPK, MJL; Project administration: MSY, MJL; Resources: MJL; Software: JPK, MJL; Supervision: MJL; Validation: MJL; Visualization: MSY; Writing–original draft: MSY; Writing–review & editing: all authors.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Mi Ji Lee has been the editor of Headache and Pain Research since 2023 and was not involved in the review process. And, she has received personal or institutional honoraria for participation in clinical trials, speaker fees, or as a consultant from Abbvie, Biohaven, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Otsuka, Sanofi-Aventis, SK Pharm, Teva, Yuhan Company, and YuYu Pharma.
Other authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.
FUNDING STATEMENT
This study was supported by the New Faculty Startup Fund from Seoul National University, the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP; No. 2020R1A2B5B01001826 to MJL), and Yuhan company (for the data management). The funders had no role in study design, data analysis, and drafting.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Not applicable.
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%). Not all patients answered all questions in the survey, so each may not add up to 100%.
CH, cluster headache; NRS, numerical rating scale.
Values are presented as number (%). Not all patients answered all questions in the survey, so each may not add up to 100%.
NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Side shift | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|
Absent (n=98) | Present (n=26) | ||
Demographics | |||
Age (yr) | 35.5 (27.5–43.0) | 35.0 (27.0–43.5) | 0.927 |
Female | 12 (15.0) | 6 (28.6) | 0.198 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.3 (22.0–26.8) | 23.5 (20.1–26.2) | 0.225 |
Smoking | 0.188 | ||
Current smoker | 31 (38.8) | 8 (38.1) | |
Ex-smoker | 21 (26.2) | 2 (9.5) | |
Never | 28 (35.0) | 11 (52.4) | |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Onset age (yr) | 23.50 (17.00–32.75) | 21.00 (17.00–29.00) | 0.574 |
Years after CH onset | 9 (5–14) | 9 (5–14) | 0.508 |
Average cluster period (wk) | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.5–7.0) | 0.505 |
Average remission period (mo) | 11 (9–12) | 11 (10–23) | 0.217 |
Total number of bouts | 7.0 (4.0–12.0) | 9.0 (4.0–13.5) | 0.889 |
Diurnal rhythmicity | 37 (46.8) | 12 (57.1) | 0.401 |
Seasonal rhythmicity | 39 (50.0) | 12 (57.1) | 0.561 |
Migraine | 7 (8.8) | 3 (14.3) | 0.430 |
Regular recurrence pattern | 55 (68.8) | 12 (60.0) | 0.457 |
Irregular recurrence pattern | 25 (31.3) | 8 (40.0) | 0.457 |
Attack frequency per day (times) | 1.00 (1.00–2.00) | 1.50 (1.00–3.25) | 0.193 |
Attack intensity, NRS | 9.5 (8.5–10.0) | 9.5 (9.0–10.0) | 0.696 |
Attack duration (min) | 90.0 (60.0–150.0) | 90.0 (42.5–150.0) | 0.842 |
Duration of current cluster bout (day) | 38.5 (22.8–60.3) | 48.0 (25.0–74.0) | 0.675 |
Side shift | Total (n=124) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Absent (n=98) | Present (n=26) | |||
Preventive medication | ||||
Oral prednisone | 34 (97.1) | 9 (90.0) | 43 (95.6) | 0.399 |
Verapamil | 38 (86.4) | 9 (69.2) | 47 (82.5) | 0.154 |
Lithium | 23 (88.5) | 3 (60.0) | 26 (83.9) | 0.173 |
Acute medication | ||||
NSAIDs | 35 (85.4) | 7 (87.5) | 42 (85.7) | >0.999 |
Triptan | 39 (81.3) | 6 (75.0) | 45 (80.4) | 0.649 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%). Not all patients answered all questions in the survey, so each may not add up to 100%.
CH, cluster headache; NRS, numerical rating scale.
Values are presented as number (%). Not all patients answered all questions in the survey, so each may not add up to 100%.
NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.